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The Bipolar Disorder In Early Years Free Essays

Bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that this affliction can appear in almost anyone. According to an article on bipolar disorder by, David E. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bipolar Disorder In Early Years or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cohen, Some research suggests that highly creative people such as artists, composers, writers, and poets, show unusually high rates of bipolar disorder, and that periods of mania fuel their creativity. Famous artists and writers who might have suffered from bipolar disorder include poets Lord Byron and Anne Sexton, novelists Virginia Woolf (who did suffer from bipolar disorder) and Ernest Hemingway. (Encarta Encyclopedia) Despite the fact that many people suffer from bipolar disorder, we still wait for clear explanations for the causes as well as the cure. The one fact of which we are painfully aware of is that bipolar disorder severely weakens its† victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Manic and Depressive Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder or manic depression is characterized by many symptoms that can be broken into manic and depressive episodes. The depressive episodes are characterized by intense feelings of sadness, despair, hopelessness, and helplessness. guilt, crying spells, disturbances in sleep and appetite, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty thinking, indecisiveness, and recurrent thoughts of death and suicide. (National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association). The manic episodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often reckless or irresponsible behavior, grandiose delusions, inflated sense of self-importance, racing speech, racing thoughts, flight of ideas, impulsiveness, poor judgment, distractibility, reckless behavior and in the more severe cases, delusions and hallucinations. (NDMDA )(Encarta Encyclopedia) Bipolar disorder affects approximately one percent of the population (approximately two million people) in the United States. It usually begins in a person†s late teens or 20s. Men usually experience mania as the first mood episode, and women usually experience depression first. Episodes of mania and depression usually last from several weeks to several months. On average, people with untreated bipolar disorder experience four episodes of mania or depression over a ten-year period. Many people with bipolar disorder function normally between episodes. Still, in â€Å"rapid-cycling† bipolar disorder a person experiences four or more mood episodes within a year and may have little or no normal functioning in between episodes. Often times bipolar patients report that the depressions are longer and increase in frequency as they age. Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if an episode of mania occurs whether depression has been diagnosed or not. Many times bipolar states and psychotic states are misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. Fortunately, Speech patterns help distinguish between the two disorders. This devastating disease causes disruptions of families, loss of jobs as well as millions of dollars in cost to society(Encarta Encyclopedia). (NIMH) Other Forms of Bipolar Disorder Stages of Mania In another type of bipolar disorder, a person experiences major depression and hippomanic episodes, or episodes of milder mania. In a related disorder called cyclothymic disorder, a person†s mood alternates between mild depression and mild mania. (Encarta Encyclopedia) The three stages of mania begin with hippomania, in which patients report that they are energetic, extroverted and assertive. The hippomania state has led observers to feel that bipolar patients are â€Å"addicted† to their mania. Hippomania progresses into mania and the transition is marked by loss of judgment. Often, overjoyed grandiose characteristics are displayed, and paranoid or irritable characteristics begin to manifest. The third stage of mania is when the patient experiences delusions with often paranoid ideas. Speech is generally rapid and hyperactive behavior sometimes becomes violent when frustrated ((NIMH) (Encarta Encyclopedia) The genes that a person inherits seem to have a strong influence on whether or not the person will develop bipolar disorder. Studies of twins provide evidence for this genetic influence. Among genetically identical twins where one twin has bipolar disorder, the other twin has a 50 percent chance of also having the disorder. Conversely, among pairs of fraternal twins, who have about half their genes in common, brothers, sisters and children have a 5-10 percent chance. The amount of genetic similarity seems to explain for the difference between identical and fraternal twins. Further evidence for a genetic influence is apparent in the study of adopted children with bipolar disorder. This study shows that children who develop bipolar disorder are more likely to have had biological relatives with this disorder rather than adoptive relatives. Although research has shown an apparent linkage to genes on many chromosomes, researchers have been unable to locate a specific gene linked to the disorder. (Kalat 434) (Encarta Encyclopedia) Lithium salts has been the primary treatment of bipolar disorder which continues to be used since it accidental discovery by J. F. Cade. (Kalat 434) It is main function is to stabilize the mood of bipolar disorder patients. The drug usually takes two to three weeks to become effective. People with bipolar disorder may take lithium during periods of normal mood to delay or prevent later episodes of mania or depression. Common side effects of lithium include nausea, increased thirst and urination, dizziness, loss of appetite, and muscle weakness. Unfortunately, 20- 40% of bipolar patients are either unresponsive to lithium or can†t stand the side effects. (Encarta Encyclopedia) For those 20 to 40 percent of people who do not respond to lithium therapy, two anticonvulsant drugs may help calm severe manic episodes. The first one is carbamazepine (Tegretol) and valproate (Depakene). These drugs are useful as anti-manic agents, especially in patients with mixed states. Both of these medications can be used in combination with lithium or in combination with each other. Valproate is especially helpful for patients who are unresponsive to lithium, experience rapid cycling, or have alcohol or drug abuse problems. (Encarta Encyclopedia) (NDMDA) Newer antipsychotic medications such as olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine appear to help with manic episodes. Also, anticonvulsant or antiepilepsy drugs such as lamotrigine, topiramate and gabapentin may help stabilize patient†s mood when other medications are ineffective. (psychology today, 87) Yet other drugs used are antidepressants. They include, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI†s), fluovamine and amitriptyline which been used by some doctors as treatment for bipolar disorder. However, research shows that SSRI†s and other antidepressants can actually trigger high manic episodes especially when used alone. Antidepressants are useful when used in together with mood stabilizing medications such as lithium. NIMH) (Psychology Today, 87) In addition to the mentioned medical treatments of bipolar disorder, there are several other options available to bipolar patients, most of which are used together with medicine. One such treatment is light therapy. Which is actually used to treat another form of depression known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Patients are treated with very bright lights (2500lux) for an hour or more each day. This bright light treatment is equally effective in the morning, afternoon, or evening, but according to research it is most effect during the day. Kalat 436) Yet another popular treatment for bipolar disorder is electro-convulsive shock therapy. ECT is usually the recommended treatment for severely manic patients who are homicidal, psychotic, catatonic, severely suicidal, or for those who were unresponsive to drugs. (Kalat 433) (Encarta Encyclopedia) A final type of therapy is outpatient group psychotherapy. According to The National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association, the value of support groups, has challenged mental health professionals to take a more serious look at group therapy for people with bipolar depression. Research shows that group participation may help increase lithium compliance, decrease denial regarding the illness, and increase awareness of both external and internal stress factors leading to manic and depressive episodes. Group therapy for patients with bipolar disorders responds to the need for support and reinforcement of medication management, and the need for education and support for the personal difficulties that arise during the course of the disorder. Cognitive and behavioral treatments focus on recognizing early warning signs, interrupting unrealistic thoughts and maintaining positive activities. (Psychology Today, 87) How to cite The Bipolar Disorder In Early Years, Essay examples

Allegations Made Against Phoenix Activity â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Allegations Made Against Phoenix Activity? Answer: Introducation The term phoenix activity is related to the company law in the provinces of Australia. Australia is a business country and most of its income is gained through the business process (Anderson et al., 2015). The main object of the businesses is to gain profit and it is the common nature and mentality of the entrepreneurs of Australia. However, in certain times, it has observed that the directors or the entrepreneurs are engaging themselves in certain illegal conducts such as avoid the creditors and evade the taxes etc. This activity is known as phoenix activity. Recently, in Giudice v Bolwell, the principle and aspects of phoenix activity has been observed. Yes, it can be beneficial to the society. From all the recent allegations made against the phoenix activity, it is presumed that the effect of the activity is negative in nature. However, there are certain positive impacts present in case of the activities. The phoenix activities are treated as the process of business rescue (Barnes, 2013). The reason behind the same is to maintain the assets of the old company by incorporating a new company without changing its directors or the employees. In the case of legal phoenix activity, there is no scope to defraud the creditors; rather the same have increased the possibilities of the entrepreneurship. All the legal rules of the Corporation Act 2001 have been follows in the case of the winding up of the company and in case of the taxing liabilities. Therefore, it can be stated that the phoenix activities have certain beneficiary impacts created on the society. The following are the purpose of the activity: The activities are identified certain steps that are taken by the directors of the company to avoid the creditors of an insolvent company; When an old company has become insolvent, new company has been incorporated to avoid the bankruptcy of the old one through the activity; Sometimes, the directors of such companies are trying to evade taxes; In certain times, the phoenix activities are used as a process to rescue the business segment and secure the interest of the employees; The activity is featured to provoke the entrepreneurial mentality in case of business. When the newly incorporated company followed up all the legal norms regarding the Corporation Act 2001, there shall have no scope to breach any duties of the company rules. Therefore, it can be observed that there shall be more than one purpose. The directors of the companies who are involving in the phoenix activities can be benefitted and on the other side, the creditors and the government can be affected. Apart from certain positive nature of the phoenix activities, the same is used to denote certain illegal purposes too. When certain directors of the company transferred all the money of an old company to a new one with an intention to avoid the creditors, they are getting benefits by way of gaining profits from the process (Brubaker, 2013). The situation accrues when the directors of the company become incompatible to pay off the debt or meet the requirements of the creditors. Tax evasion also leads the directors of the company to gain profits. From the very nature of the purpose of the activity, it can be stated that the government has to face huge loss regarding the tax evasion. The government has to face huge loss and crisis regarding the revenue system. The creditors of the old companies are also faced certain problems as there are risk to loss their invested money. Prohibitory section of phoenix activity: It has been stated under that in certain circumstances, the phoenix activity follows legal rules contained under the provision of the Corporation Act 2001. However, no specific rules under the Corporation Act have been mentioned that attracts the rules regarding the phoenix activity (DeBacker, Heim Tran, 2015). In this case, general principle of rule will be applicable such as section 180 for the breach of Directors duty and section 489EA for the winding up of the company. Australian Security and Investigating Commission have the power to deal with the matters address for the problems relating to phoenix activity. Provision breached by phoenix activity: It has been stated earlier that there is no specific provision mentioned under the Corporation Act that particularly deal with the phoenix activity (DeMott, 2016). The general law of the Corporation Act is applicable in this case. In any case, where the director of a company wind up the company by not maintaining the appropriate provisions regarding the Corporation Act 2001, he shall be liable for the violation of section 489EA of the Corporation Act. If any of the directors of the company had breached their moral duty towards the employees or shareholders, he shall be held liable under the provision of section 180 of the Corporation Act 2001. Certain allegations were brought by ASIC against the company of Mr. Giudice that the company owned by Mr. Giudice had violated the provision of tax and superannuation. It had also been alleged that the director of the company were engaged themselves in the delayed installment services. Furthermore, it was stated that Mr. Giedice had concealed the facts and incorporated a new company. ASIC told that the director of the company had violated the provisions of the Corporation Act and the company is not permitted to incorporate a new company (Knaplund, 2015). Observation by Court: It was observed by the court that there is no provision under the Corporation Act that can restrict the director of a company to incorporate a new one. It has also been stated that ASIC had failed to submit any direct evidence that can show the fact that the director of the alleged company had violated the provisions of the Corporation Act (Lanis Richardson, 2015). The court observed that the acts of Mr. Giudice had been wise enough as he had maintained all the necessary documents regarding the incorporation of the new company and therefore, the court was pleased to pass an order in favor of Mr. Giudice. The term phoenix activity has been denoted a second company that means a newly incorporated company. The new company forms from the ashes of the predecessor company and runs a business of similar kind. There are two kinds of phoenix activities observed in the corporal sector in Australia (Lynch et al., 2016). One that follows the legal rules called legal activity and the other that does not follow the same called illegal activity. Legality of the activity bears the objective to rescue an old insolvent company into a new one without changing its internal structure. In case of illegal activity, similar methods are applied but there is the directors of the company have adopted an illegal intention. The outcomes of the illegal phoenix activities are detrimental for the unsecured creditors and the section of the taxes are also affected a lot. The phoenix activity accrues where the old company faced financial hurdles and may become insolvent during the business. Australian Securities and Investigation Commission has been empowered to deal with the problem regarding the illegal phoenix activities and the intention of the directors of these companies are taken into consideration in this process (Muhammadi et al., 2016). Illegal phoenix activity, sometimes known as the fraudulent phoenix activity had certain illegal bases that can be divided into three parts- illegal type 1, illegal type 2 and complex phoenix activity. It is hard to prove whether the activity of the directors of as company attracted the provisions of the illegal phoenix activity. It is important to collect certain documentary evidences to support the conception of illegal activity (Ormerod et al., 2015). Necessary information regarding the company should be collected in this process and certain external observation regarding the activity of the individuals should be made. Information regarding the legality or illegality of the company can be derived from the databases maintained by the ASIC or ATO. The process to determine whether the company has attracted the provisions regarding the illegal phoenix activity, it is important to observe certain grounds. If the controller of the newly incorporated company is similar to the old company or the business objective of the old company is similar to the new company, there are certain possibilities regarding the illegal phoenix activity (Price, 2016). There are certain illegal outcomes of the phoenix activities such as the corporate assets are transferred to a newly incorporated company before the insolvency of the older one. The interest of the creditors is very much affected by the acts of the directors of the companies. It is not the rule that the assets of the old company will transferred to the new company: the assets can be transferred to any other entity. It has been reported in the year 2012 that the government of Australia had faced a huge loss regarding the revenue sector and the outcome of the same had created serious impact on the economy of Australia (Richardson, Taylor Lanis, 2013). Therefore, it can be seen that the illegal process of the phoenix activities could be harmful for the interest of the creditors. The main problem is that there is no particular provision mentioned under the Corporation Act 2001 regarding the prohibition of the phoenix activities. All the sections applied to regulate the illegal activities are common in nature. It has been reported by many sources that the rate of the illegal phoenix activities are growing in nature and that can be a potential threat for the future of the Australia. Therefore, there is a necessity to implement certain strict rules to curb this corporate phenomenon (Simester et al., 2016). Necessary rules can be implemented either by way of legislative process or by way of amendment. However, if certain proper approaches can be taken to the old rules, there shall be no necessity to implement new rules regarding the same. if the directors of the alleged company had violated the rules under the Corporation Act 2001, he should be penalized in a more effective way. Cancellation of license or suspension from the directorship can be appropriate in nature (Watson, 2015). The ASIC are appointed to deal with the necessary problems regarding the illegal phoenix activities and with the growing nature of the activity, it is important to impose more power to the authority so that it can prohibit the activity in more effective way. The phoenix activity is harmful if there are certain illegal steps adopted and if the intention of the directors is illegal in nature. The nature of the activity is growing and there are number of allegations are being made against many companies who are engaging themselves in the phoenix activities. The main problem regarding the same can be that there are no specific provisions mentioned under the Corporation Act 2001 to prohibit the phenomenon. Therefore, it can be stated that a structural proceeding should have to adopt to deal with the problem. The phoenix activities have attracted various provisions of various Acts and if there is a breach made regarding the same, the offender will face the penal provisions mentioned thereby. There are certain provisions mentioned under the Corporation Act 2001 that deals with the directors duty. In case of the phoenix activity, if any directors of the old company has incorporated a new company by violating the duty to take care and if he or she failed to act diligently, can be held liable under the provisions of section 180 of the Act (Welsh Anderson, 2016). It is the basic rule regarding the phoenix activity that the directors of an older company are incorporated a new company and transferred all the assets of the old company to the new one. If during the process, the directors shall not disclose all the relevant documents to the colleagues or to the shareholders, he shall be liable under the provision of section 184 of the Corporation Act 2001. In case of the winding process of the company, if necessary provisions regarding the same that are mentioned under the Corporation Act has been violated, the directors of such alleged companies will be held liable under section 489EA of the Corporation Act 2001. Further, it has been stated that if the provision regarding the taxation law has been breached by the directors, necessary sections Taxation Administration Act 1953. It is the utmost duty of the directors of the company towards the government to pay the taxes in proper time as the economy of a nation is backed by the taxes. However, in recent times, it has been observed that it becomes a common pattern regarding the phoenix activities to evade the taxes. Therefore, these are affecting the revenue department of the government. If there is a laxity shown regarding the maintenance of taxes, section 269-15 of the Act will be applied. In certain circumstances, it has been observed that the activities of the directors of alleged company has been violated provision of section 550 of the Fair Work Act 2009. The liabilities that are imposed on the directors of the company are statutory in nature and therefore, they are obliged to follow all the rules of the Law. In case they are failed to abide by the liabilities, they will be prosecuted under section 475 and section 530A of the Corporation Act 2001. All the provisions should be organized in a particular structure or such activities cannot be removed from the society Reference: Anderson, H. L., O'Connell, A., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M. A., Withers, H. (2015). The Productivity Commission, Corporate Insolvency and Phoenix Companies. Anderson, H. L., O'Connell, A., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M. A., Withers, H. (2015). Profiling Phoenix Activity: A New Taxonomy. Anderson, H. L., O'Connell, A., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M. A., Withers, H. (2014). Defining and Profiling Phoenix Activity. Anderson, H., Hedges, J., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M. (2016). Illegal phoenix activity from the insolvency practitioner's perspective.Australian Restructuring Insolvency Turnaround Association Journal,28(4), 23. Barnes, L. R. (2013). The Albatross Around the Neck of Company Directors: A Journey Through Case Law, Legislation and Corporate Governance. Brubaker, R. (2013). Expert Report regarding the Ponzi Scheme Presumptionof Actual Intent to Defraud Creditors. DeBacker, J., Heim, B. T., Tran, A. (2015). Importing corruption culture from overseas: Evidence from corporate tax evasion in the United States.Journal of Financial Economics,117(1), 122-138. DeMott, D. (2016). Accessory Disloyalty: Comparative Perspectives on Substantial Assistance to Fiduciary Breach. Knaplund, K. S. (2015). Becoming Charitable: Predicting and Encouraging Charitable Bequests in Wills. Lanis, R., Richardson, G. (2015). Is corporate social responsibility performance associated with tax avoidance?.Journal of Business Ethics,127(2), 439-457. Lynch, K., Hobson, J., Roberts, H., Payne, B. (2016). An analysis of the impact of Community Ownership of Local Assets; case studies from Tewkesbury District, Gloucestershire. Muhammadi, A. H., Muhammadi, A. H., Ahmed, Z., Ahmed, Z., Habib, A., Habib, A. (2016). Multinational transfer pricing of intangible assets: Indonesian tax auditors perspectives.Asian Review of Accounting,24(3), 313-337. Ormerod, D. C., Laird, K., Smith, J. C., Hogan, B. (2015).Smith and Hogan's criminal law. Oxford University Press. Price, J. (2016). The regulator: Illegal phoenix activity.Company Director,32(5), 15. Richardson, G., Taylor, G., Lanis, R. (2013). The impact of board of director oversight characteristics on corporate tax aggressiveness: An empirical analysis.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,32(3), 68-88. Simester, A. P., Spencer, J. R., Stark, F., Sullivan, G. R., Virgo, G. J. (2016).Simester and Sullivan's criminal law: theory and doctrine. Bloomsbury Publishing. Watson, S. (2015). Corporate Law and Governance.NZ Law Review,2015, 239-717. Welsh, M., Anderson, H. (2016). The Public Enforcement of Sanctions against Illegal Phoenix Activity: Scope, Rationale and Reform.Fed. L. Rev.,44,

8 Interesting Facts About the Irish American Population

8 Interesting Facts About the Irish American Population How many facts and figures do you know about the Irish American population? Did you know, for example, that March is Irish-American Heritage Month? If so, you belong to a small group of Americans. Too few people know that there is such a month at all, let alone which month it falls in, according to the American Foundation for Irish Heritage. While a number of events internationally take place in honor of St. Patrick’s Day, celebrating the Irish throughout the month of March has yet to become a routine practice. The American Foundation for Irish Heritage aims to make the cultural heritage month, first celebrated in 1995, as popular as Black History Month or Hispanic Heritage Month. The group even offers tips on how to get the public to take more of an interest in celebrating the month-long observance, such as contacting public radio and television stations, Irish-American organizations and state governors. The foundation already has one agency in its corner; the US Census Bureau. Each year, the bureau acknowledges Irish-American Heritage Month by releasing facts and figures about the Irish population. Irish Ancestry in the US Population Although Oktoberfest is nowhere near as popular as St. Patrick’s Day in the US, more Americans claim to be of German ancestry than any other. Irish is the second most popular ethnicity Americans claim. Nearly 35 million Americans report having Irish heritage, according to the census. That’s seven times the population of Ireland, which is an estimated 4.58 million. Where Irish Americans Live New York is home to the largest percentage of Irish Americans in the country. The state boasts an Irish-American population of 13%. Nationwide, the Irish-American population averages 11.2%. New York City also has the distinction of being host to the first St. Patrick’s Day Parade. It took place on March 17, 1762, and featured Irish soldiers in the English military. In the 5th century, St. Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland, but the day in his honor has now come to be associated with anything Irish-related. Irish Immigrants to America Precisely 144,588 Irish immigrants became naturalized US residents in 2010. Wealth Among Irish Americans Households headed by Irish Americans actually have higher median incomes ($56,363 yearly) than the $50,046 average for US households generally. Not surprisingly, Irish Americans also have lower poverty rates than Americans as a whole. Just 6.9% of households headed by Irish Americans had incomes at the poverty level, while 11.3% of American households generally did. Higher Education Irish Americans are more likely than the US population as a whole to be college graduates. While 33% of Irish Americans 25 or older have at least earned a bachelor’s degree and 92.5 have at least a high school diploma, for Americans generally, the corresponding numbers are only 28.2% and 85.6%, respectively. The Workforce About 41% of Irish Americans work in management, professional and related occupations, the census reports. Next in line are sales and office occupations. Just above 26% of Irish Americans work in that field, followed by 15.7% in service occupations, 9.2% in production, transportation, and material moving occupations, and 7.8% in construction, extraction, maintenance, and repair occupations. Median Age Irish Americans are older than the general US population. According to the 2010 census, the average American is 37.2 years old. The average Irish American is 39.2 years old. The Most Irish President John F. Kennedy broke the glass ceiling in 1961 by becoming the first Irish-American Catholic president. But he wasn’t the president with the most direct ties to Ireland. According to the Christian Science Monitor, Andrew Jackson holds this distinction. Both of his parents were born in Country Antrim, Ireland. They relocated to the United States in 1765, two years before his birth.

Defining a Good SAT Score

Defining a Good SAT Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips While the definition of a â€Å"Good SAT Score† is can seem subjective, in fact, there are valid and objective ways to quantify it. In this article, I’ll go through four different methods you can use to decide what a good SAT score means for you. Having the wrong definition can be catastrophic to your college future, and having the right definition can be a strong motivator to achieve your SAT goals. What’s a Good Score Compared to the US Population? First, to understand what a good SAT score is, you must have a rough feeling for what the SAT scores of the US population of high school students look like overall. If you're not applying to the same colleges as the "average American," you might lack this broader perspective. The SAT in January 2016 and before is scored on a 2400 scale. The top score is 2400, and the bottom score is 600. The new SAT, which starts in March, will be scored on a 1600 point scale, so the maximum and minimum scores will change to 1600 and 400. The SAT gives students percentile rankings that show them how high their score is relative to other students across the country who took the test. I'll give you the scores defined by these percentiles for the current SAT and provide predicted scores for the new SAT. According to the most recent data: Ten percent of students score below an 00, so below an 00 is verylow score nationally. This should translate to around a 730 on the new SAT. The 25th percentile is around a 1300, so a score below 1300 isslightly low. This should translate to around an 870 on the new SAT. The 50th percentile mark is around a 1500; anything within 50-100 points of 1500 is an average score. This should translate to around a 1000 on the new SAT. The 75th percentile score is around a 1700, so anything above this isa great score. This should translate to around an 30 on the new SAT. The 90th percentile cutoff is around a 1900.Above this, you're in reach of the elite range of scores.This score should translate to around a 1270 on the new SAT. Read this article for more information on national score percentiles. Keep in mind that the predictions for the new SAT are very tentative since we only have data from the old version of the test. The scores that correspond to each percentile may change depending on how well students adapt to the new test. What’s a Good Score Compared to Your Peers? Unless you are exactly the average American, comparing yourself against the US national average may not be appropriate. You should care about what a good SAT score is for *you* personally, and a reasonable proxy is your peer group. After all, your peer group may have grown up in the same environment and have similar expectations for SAT scores. If you're a football star at an athletics-heavy high school, your varsity football team is a better comparison pool than a class of math geniusesin a selective private high school (and vice versa). In this case, the best method for determining where you stand is to ask at least four people in your peer group what their SAT scores are. This way you can get a sense of how you're doing. If you're way below all four, then you're doing poorly. If you're scoring better than two, then you're doing well. And if you're doing better than all four, you're doing spectacularly. The gold standard for comparison is the SAT score range of people in your peer group. Fortunately, you don't have to doallthe hard work! We did some heavily lifting for you and compiled data from two peer groups of competitive students. Honors students in the top third of their class: If you're in the top third of your class, to be in the 75th percentile on the SAT, you'll need to score 1928 or better. Thus, honor students should considerabout 1900 or more(around 1250-1300 on the new SAT)to be a good SAT score. Students in the top 10% of their class, or students in top 10% school districts. For this group, the 75th percentile score is as high as 2100. A stellar student should shoot for 2100 (around 1400 on the new SAT) as an SAT score goal. Students in National Honors Society may have a higher SAT target score. What Is aGood SAT Score for College? Even better than comparing against your peers is comparing against the scores of admitted students at a college that interests you. After all, most people take the SAT for college. It makes the most sense to start with figuring out what a good college is for you and then work backward to determine a target SAT score. The best way to figure outwhat score you should shootforis to look up the average test scores at the college of your choice and see where you fall.Most schools will give a range from the 25th percentile score to the 75th percentile score.If you’re hoping for a solid chance of admission, you should be aiming for the 75th percentile score at colleges that interest you.Consult this article on finding your target score for more details on how to find and interpret these numbers. If you look up the average scores at a college of your choice and find that your scores are much higher, you might consider aiming for a more competitive school.Doing socould give you a much more fulfilling learning experience. Selectivecolleges will have a driven student community and offer intellectually challenging classes.You’re likely to learn more at these schools, have access to greater opportunities, and be looked upon favorably in the future when you’re trying to find a job or apply to grad school. If you’re aiming for Ivy League or other highly competitive schools like Stanford and MIT, you’ll find that the 75th percentile score is sometimes close or equivalent to a perfect 2400.Obviously, you’re not going to be able to score any higher than this.In general, for these schools, you’ll need to have a 2200 or higher to end up with a reasonable chance of admission (most likely in the 1450-1500 range on the new SAT).College admissions have become extremely competitive lately, so these schools have had to adopt higher and higher standards to weed out students from the vast numbers of applications they receive. You may also choose to attend one of the Poison Ivy League schools I'm planning on founding. Coursework consists solely of going on hikes and learning how to recognize and treat poison ivy while playing poison ivy-related pranks on real Ivy League schools. What’s a Good Score for You? One of the best definitions of a good SAT score is based on your own potential. After all, if the best you can do is a 1300, and you get a 1280, then that's an excellent score. Conversely, if your potential is a 2300, then even a 2000 is a bad score for you personally. In considering what a â€Å"good score† means, it’s important to take stock of your starting point and limitations.In other words, you should be competing with yourself first and foremost to try and improve from your baseline score.Try studying for ten hours or so, and take a practice test.Treat this score as your baseline score. Students usually can improve on this score by 250 points or more with dedicated studying (this should translate to around a 170-point improvement on the new SAT). Many students find that they hit the upper limit of SAT studying toleration after 40-80 hours of studying.If you manage to do this amount of focused studying, the score you end up with should be a good one based on your own standards.If you ended up with a low score on the baseline test and didn’t improve much after a lot of studying, you might need to reassess your study habits and make sure that you really understand your mistakes.For a student who scores low initially, any score that indicates an improvement of more than 200 points (or more than 130 points on the new SAT) should be considered a good score. You after a long shift in the SAT factory. What's Next? Aiming high for college? Read our articles on how to get a 2400 on the SAT and what it takes to get into the most selective schools. If you're working on raising your score to reach your goals, check out my article that lists 15 quick tips for improving your SAT score. Worried about the discrepancy between your high GPA and low SAT score? Find out how to deal with this dilemma. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Samantha Lindsay About the Author Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. In high school, she earned a 2400 on the SAT, 5's on all seven of her AP tests, and was named a National Merit Scholar. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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(Institutional Affiliation) FORMAL REPORT COMPARING THE USE OF THE Essay

(Institutional Affiliation) FORMAL REPORT COMPARING THE USE OF THE IDEF METHODOLOGY TO UML - Essay Example 1). On the other hand, UML is a modeling language that is most suited to the generation of computer-executable platforms/frameworks that encode important elements of software engineering projects. This paper will seek to compare the use of IDEF to UML by focusing on their applications, nature, and techniques employed in their development. This comparison will be done on the basis of credible and reliable literatures, written and published by authorities on modeling languages and techniques. Key Words IDEF; UML; graphical modeling methods; enterprise engineering projects; modeling language The Approach/Rationale of both Methodologies a) IDEF According to Bernus, Mertins, & Schmidt (1998, pg. 17), the rationale for IDEF is to support modeling activities that are fundamental to system analysis, design, improvement or integration. b) UML The approach/rationale for UML is to act as the dominant, publicly accepted, and uniform objected oriented visual modeling language, and as a foundation object description language for the offshoot unified enterprise modeling language (UEML) that has been put forward by IFAC/IFIP (Bernus, Mertins, & Schmidt 1998, pg. 17). The Stages of the Systems Development Life Cycle that each Addresses IDEF methodology addresses documentation, design, integration, analysis, understanding, planning, and improvement (Fowler & Scott 2000, pg. 46). Based on the Waterfall model of the system development life cycle (SDLC), these functions fit into four stages of the SDLC: preliminary analysis, system analysis and requirements definition, systems design, integration and testing, and maintenance. On the other hand UML methodology is limited to the systems design phase. During the systems analysis phase, object-oriented analysis (OOA) is performed; its output is a conceptual model that is comprised of one (sometimes more) UML class diagram, a user-interface mock-up, a group of use cases, and a couple of interaction diagrams. This conceptual model is sub sequently used as an input in objected-oriented design during the systems design phase (Lankhorst 2005, pg. 63). The Techniques used for modeling the Processes/Functions of the System (including the similarities and differences between the techniques and their strengths and weaknesses) a) IDEF Techniques IDEF is based on three modeling constructs/viewpoints/techniques which define its approach/rationale. These are: i) IDEF0 Function Modeling Method This method was created so as to represent processes or activities (consisting of partially sequenced groups of activities) that are usually executed in a systematic and uniform manner. IDEF0 defines a function as a group of activities that takes specific inputs and, using some mechanism, and based on certain controls, converts the inputs into outputs (Noran 2008, pg. 41). These ICOMs (inputs, controls, outputs and mechanisms) can be employed in the modeling of relationships between a wide range of activities (Kim 2003, pg. 3). IDEF0 mode ling generally begins by defining a context diagram (Kim 2003, pg. 3). This is representative of the system’s overall purpose and its interactions with external environments (Kim 2003, pg. 3). Usually, IDEF0 models consist of a hierarchy of connected diagrams that are decomposed systematically hence encoding semantic data at lower modeling levels. The systematical breakdown brings not only detailed but also wide-scope representations of system or environmental activities (Bernus, Mertins, & Schmidt 1998, pg. 29). ii) IDEF1x Data Modeling Method This method was created to define data models that symbolize both the semantics and structure of data that is found in a target system

Black Feminism and The Beyonce Wars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Black Feminism and The Beyonce Wars - Essay Example The first article ‘Ugly Internal Clash: Why Its Future Is Not Up To White Women’ talks about feminism especially for black women and how they can form a gender inclusive group to deal with racism, sexual harassment, and work discrimination against women. The article provides a name that helps women to describe the issues they go through during discrimination Brittney (Cooper 2015). Feminism is the name, and it helps many women to discuss their issues without language challenges. Black women use the internet feminism to air their troubles and discuss the discrimination that they experience. The women also express their power through it phenomena that make the white women extremely uncomfortable. The writers opinion is that the future of feminism should not be left with the white women as most of the issues center around gender equality. For white women, equality was achieved a long time ago, but for the black women, it is still a big issue. Most of the black women in the US do not fully access some of the benefits, such as the Obamacare in some states (Cooper 2015). Understanding feminist and black women oppression will help women fight for their rights in foreign countries, such s the United States. The second article ‘Black Feminist Blogger Speaks The Truth by Goldstein, Rich talks about how important issues contributed by black women in the media get ignored by many readers and viewers. The writer focuses on blogs on issues of life for black women instead of focusing on wealthy and glamorous women in power (Goldstein 2015). According to the blog, there are many interesting things about black women, such as their unique talents, although there are few people who recognize them. Racism is real and classifies women according to their place of origin, and the blog help many to have some attention on racism, sexism, and ableism. The writer admires the work of Beyonce for focusing on feminism, especially the one touching on black women. Black women